The financial market is a marketplace where investors deal in financial instruments. It provides a vehicle for allocation of savings to investment. It can be grouped as money market and capital market. Both the markets are very important in the financial sector. In the money market, extremely liquid financial instruments are traded, i.e. monetary instruments of short-term nature are dealt. On the contrary, the capital market is for long term securities. It is a market for those securities which … [Read more...]

Securities market can be defined as the market, whereby financial instruments, obligations, and claims are available for sale. It is classified into two interdependent segments, i.e. Primary Market and Secondary Market. Market. The former is a market where securities are offered for the first time for receiving public subscription while the latter is a place where pre-issued securities are dealt between the investors. While primary market offers avenues for selling new securities to the … [Read more...]

Stock Exchange is a marketplace, where securities can be freely traded between investors with the help of members i.e. brokers. It is a great platform for purchasing and selling securities, debt and derivatives. It is a key indicator of financial strength of the country's economy. In India, there are two major stock exchanges, Bombay Stock Exchange, and National stock exchange. Bombay Stock Exchange is shortly known as BSE; it is the first stock exchange of the continent. On the contrary, … [Read more...]

Leadership is a quality of influencing people, so that the objectives are attained willingly and enthusiastically. It is not exactly same as management, as leadership is one of the major element of management. Management is a discipline of managing things in the best possible manner. It is the art or skill of getting the work done through and with others. It can be found in all the fields, like education, hospitality, sports, offices etc. One of the major difference between leadership and … [Read more...]

Rules and regulation of the business organization are framed in the form of policies. These are the guiding principles of an organization. It should not be confused with procedures, as both are are created by top level management for middle and low-level management. Procedure implies the step by step sequence, for the performance of activity within the organisation. Policies are general statement that sets out the limits within which decisions are taken by the managers and thus assures the … [Read more...]

Planning is "Thinking before the action takes place". It decides beforehand what, when, and how the task is to be accomplished. It is not exactly the same as strategy, which is nothing but "a comprehensive plan." The strategy is all about using a trick to gain success for a particular purpose. It is the skill of managing the affairs of the enterprise. In business, one might come across with the terms planning and strategy, end number of times. Planning is the basic function of management that … [Read more...]

Merger and acquisition are the two most commonly applied corporate restructuring strategies, which are often uttered in the same breath, but they are not one and the same. These are the form of external expansion, whereby through corporate combinations, business entities purchases a running business and grows overnight. It helps the business in maximizing the profit and growth by increasing the level of production and marketing operation. While merger means "to combine", Acquisition means "to … [Read more...]

A share certificate is a written document prepared by the company under its common seal and sent to the members, containing the number of shares held by him/her and the amount paid thereon. The document work as an evidence for the ownership of shares of the shareholder. It is not exactly same as share warrant. Technically, share warrant, is an instrument, which signifies that the holder of the instrument is entitled to the shares mentioned in it. It a bearer document, which can be transferred … [Read more...]

The memorandum of association and articles of association are the two charter documents, for the setting up of the company and its operations thereon. 'Memorandum of Association' abbreviated as MOA, is the root document of the company, which contains all the basic details about the company. On the other hand, 'Articles of Association' shortly known as AOA, is a document containing all the rules and regulations designed by the company. While the MOA sets out the company's constitution, and so … [Read more...]

As per Section 61, Companies Act, 2013, the company can convert its shares which are fully paid up, into stock. A 'Share' is the smallest unit into which the company's capital is divided, representing the ownership of the shareholders in the company. A 'Stock' on the other hand is a collection of shares of a member that are fully paid up. When shares are transformed into stock, the shareholder becomes a stockholder, who possess same right with respect to the dividend, as a shareholder … [Read more...]