The constitution which is systematically and rationally written down and embodied in a single document, bearing a specific date or different dates, is said to be written constitution. Contrary to this, an unwritten constitution does not mean that no provisions or laws of the constitution will be found in written form, but it means that they are not legally incorporated in a single book, however, they are documented. Constitution refers to a system of laws and principles which acts as a base … [Read more...]

We all are quite familiar with the word 'crime', as we have seen, read, heard or experienced it at some point in our lives. There are some acts which are considered as a crime in all the countries of the world, while there are specific acts which are regarded as a crime, in a particular state only. In simple words, any act which is against the law is termed as a crime. Crime is often contrasted with torts. Many of us are aware of what a tort is or which act is regarded as a tortious act, but … [Read more...]

Unilateral Contract, as the name suggests, is a contract in which the obligation of one party is yet to be performed. As against, Bilateral Contract is the contract, in which the obligation of both the parties is due. Contracts are all about legal enforcement, in the sense that if an agreement possesses legal enforceability, they are considered a contract, whereas, if they lack the same, they are nothing more than an agreement. Now, based on the performance, the contracts are divided into two … [Read more...]

The legislature is an organ of the government which is empowered to make laws and oversee the administration of the government. There are two kinds of legislatures prevalent in the world, i.e. unicameral and bicameral. The unicameral legislature is the system of the government where a single central unit has got the wholesole right to make laws and decide upon government policies. On the contrary, a bicameral legislature is one where there are two chambers of Parliament, i.e. the Upper house … [Read more...]

Democracy is that form of government in which the supreme power lies in the hands of the people. In a democratic country, every citizen has one vote, that can be cast in favour or against the government policy. Further, in a democracy, the response of the citizens acts as the foundation of the government. It can be in the form of direct democracy or indirect democracy. Direct democracy refers to the system in which citizens has the right to take part in the decision making process. On the … [Read more...]

Lokpal is an ombudsman appointed to work on citizens complaints and grievances regarding corruption at the central level. On the other hand, at the state level, Lokayukta is set up to take action against the corruption complaints made by the residents of the state. Corruption, in simple terms, refers to the unauthorized use of public power, typically by a public servant or by an elected politician. It is a dishonest act, which is not permitted in the eyes of law. Many countries have … [Read more...]

Diplomatic Mission, or otherwise called as a foreign mission, is a group of individuals, that represent their country in a foreign country officially. Apart from representing the state, it protects the citizens in the foreign country, negotiate with the host country on different matters, and foster friendly relations. It includes embassies or high commission and consulates. An Embassy is termed as a foreign mission of a country, represented by diplomats in another country. On the contrary, … [Read more...]

Every country in the world has its own constitution, according to which policies are framed, government bodies and institutions function and decisions are made. In finer terms, it is the constitution, that covers all the aspects of the political system adopted by the country. There are two forms of government, Parliamentary and Presidential. In Parliamentary System, the political party winning the majority seats in the parliament makes the government and elects a person from among themselves as … [Read more...]

In India, the bicameral legislature is present both at the central and the state level. In the states, the bicameral structure composes of the Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council and the Governor. However, it can be found only in 5 states while the rest 23 states follow unicameral legislature, i.e. the Legislative Assembly and Governor. The Legislative Assembly or Vidhan Sabha is the lower house of the legislature, whose powers and functions are equal to the Lok Sabha working at the … [Read more...]

First Past the Post, is a voting method, in which citizens of a constituency cast votes for the candidate, whom they wish to represent them in the Parliament. On the other hand, Proportional Representation is the system of election in which the people cast their votes directly to a political party. According to universal adult franchise all citizens of the country, who have attained the age of 18 years can cast a vote and take part in the formation of the government. In this way, the people … [Read more...]