In the simplest sense, deviance implies the 'rule-breaking' behaviour, especially the one which deviates from a socially or culturally accepted norm. Deviance is commonly juxtaposed with a crime, which is nothing but a public wrong. Crime implies an illegal which is worthy of societal condemnation and punishment, because it not just harmful to an individual, but the public at large. There are various types of crimes such as - personal crimes, property crimes, victimless crimes, whitecollar … [Read more...]

In horizontal power-sharing, no organ has unlimited or absolute powers, whereas, in the case of vertical power-sharing, the power of the central government is the highest and local government is lowest. Democracy is based on the notion that - the source of all political power is people, i.e. citizens of the country. An ideal democracy is one where due respect is given to all the groups and views which are prevalent in society. And that is why it is believed that political power should be … [Read more...]

In criminal law, 'intention' absorbs a significant place. With regard to the supreme form of the mental element, it is applicable to heinous crimes. The Indian Penal Code does not define the word 'Intention', however, section 34 is concerned with 'common intention'. In common intention, there must be a prior meeting of mind and unity, as well as there is an obvious act must be performed in the progression of the common intention of all. On the other hand, the common object may be developed … [Read more...]

Fine is referred to as a sum of money ordered by the court to pay for an offence, after the complete prosecution in a matter. On the other hand, penalties do not involve court proceedings and they are imposed when a person does not comply with the provision of a specified act. Punishment is a term mainly used in the socio-legal context, as it derives its goals from sociological outlook, and at the same time, it obtains its understanding and enforceability through a legal structure. There are … [Read more...]

"Law" implies the system of rules and regulations, which are based on different principles of justice, fairness and equality, so as to govern human activities. In law, Decree implies the legal and formal order, which specifies the rights and obligations of the parties concerned. On the other hand, the judgement refers to the decision taken by the judge, on the premise of order or decree. As we know that thousands of cases are dealt in courts daily, on which judgement is pronounced, after … [Read more...]

An appeal refers to a legal process of applying to a superior court for reconsideration of a decision, judgement or order, given by a subordinate court. It is a well-known fact that the right to appeal is not a natural one, rather it is an inherent right to the litigation process. On the contrary, a revision implies the act of re-examining a case, so as to make it defect free or grant some relief in case of improper exercise or failure to exercise jurisdiction by a subordinate court. The … [Read more...]

The constitution which is systematically and rationally written down and embodied in a single document, bearing a specific date or different dates, is said to be written constitution. Contrary to this, an unwritten constitution does not mean that no provisions or laws of the constitution will be found in written form, but it means that they are not legally incorporated in a single book, however, they are documented. Constitution refers to a system of laws and principles which acts as a base … [Read more...]

We all are quite familiar with the word 'crime', as we have seen, read, heard or experienced it at some point in our lives. There are some acts which are considered as a crime in all the countries of the world, while there are specific acts which are regarded as a crime, in a particular state only. In simple words, any act which is against the law is termed as a crime. Crime is often contrasted with torts. Many of us are aware of what a tort is or which act is regarded as a tortious act, but … [Read more...]

Unilateral Contract, as the name suggests, is a contract in which the obligation of one party is yet to be performed. As against, Bilateral Contract is the contract, in which the obligation of both the parties is due. Contracts are all about legal enforcement, in the sense that if an agreement possesses legal enforceability, they are considered a contract, whereas, if they lack the same, they are nothing more than an agreement. Now, based on the performance, the contracts are divided into two … [Read more...]

The legislature is an organ of the government which is empowered to make laws and oversee the administration of the government. There are two kinds of legislatures prevalent in the world, i.e. unicameral and bicameral. The unicameral legislature is the system of the government where a single central unit has got the wholesole right to make laws and decide upon government policies. On the contrary, a bicameral legislature is one where there are two chambers of Parliament, i.e. the Upper house … [Read more...]