In olden times, in the absence of any medium of communication and technology, people used to store data in the form of written records. During that time, people used to write on palm leaves or bark of a tree and that handwritten sheet is popularly known as a manuscript. A script is a form of writing, which over a period of time evolved as language and then it is developed as literature. At that time, important messages and memories are engraved on rocks, pillars, clay tablets, and copper … [Read more...]

Demonstrations, strikes, agitation, protests, etc. by various groups like employees, doctors, students, lawyers and farmers, are very common activities these days. Sometimes these activities are undertaken by formally organized groups such as Trade Union, Doctor's Association, Teacher's Association, etc. to exercise pressure on the government for framing policies, withdrawing bills or implementing laws in a manner that suits their interest. Such groups are called interest groups. An interest … [Read more...]

Learning is automatic, i.e. we see things, we observe them and then learn something new through our experiences in our day to day life. So, it is a continuous process and also a life long one. Learning can be intentional or unintentional, conscious or unconscious, for better or for worse. On the other hand, the word 'education' is interpreted differently by different human beings. While for some it is a synonym for formal schooling, others take it as lifelong learning. There are also people … [Read more...]

Active Learning is one in which interactive methods are used which improves learning by allowing the learners to participate in the process. On the contrary, passive learning is one in which the students are held accountable for grasping all that is presented to them. While in passive learning you have to wait for the direction, instruction or information from the instructor to be given to you, in active learning you look for different methods to increase your involvement in the learning … [Read more...]

In active listening, the listener carefully pays attention to the words of the speaker and responds accordingly. On the other hand, in the case of passive listening, the listener only hears the speaker's statement but does not respond to it. An active listener is one that pays complete attention to the physical details of the speaker, for example, appearance, body language, expressions, etc. which play a crucial role in translating the meaning of the spoken matter. Oppositely, a passive … [Read more...]

Making mistakes and learning from them, that's what childhood is all about. Parents try different methods to correct the behaviour of their kid, such as discipline and punishment. Discipline has a very positive impact on the child which not just teaches, or encourages but also helps them know about the standard code of behaviour, which is expected from them. On the other hand, punishment is used to reduce the recurrence of the misbehaviour by penalizing the child for unwanted behaviour. Its … [Read more...]

Measurement is a systematic process of determining the attributes of an object. It ascertains how fast, tall, dense, heavy, broad, something is. However, one can make measurements of physical attributes only and if one has to measure those attributes which cannot be measured with the help of tools. That is where the need for evaluation arises. It helps in passing value judgement about the policies, performances, method, techniques, strategies, effectiveness, etc. of teaching. Measurement … [Read more...]

The term 'percentage' is widely used to express anything, from changes in the tax rates, to the rate of unemployment, to the number of people using smartphones, to resource allocation by the government, to the change in price or quantity of a product or results of an examination. It is a form of writing any digit with denominator 100. The terms 'percentage' and 'percentile' often confuse us, especially to the students appearing in different examinations. For a given dataset, percentile … [Read more...]

Whether we recognize or not, we are surrounded by ideas, news, information, messages, etc. that come to us through different channels, in different forms such as stories, articles, memes, posts, etc. Its aim is to acquaint, entertain, persuade and influence us. This process is termed as mass communication. It is all about spreading of a message or information to a large segment of the population by an immediate means of reproduction and distribution. Mass communication is an umbrella term, … [Read more...]

Research Proposal is the medium through which a researcher can introduce the research problem and convey the need for research. It plays a significant role in the application process. It gives a snapshot of the questions that the researcher wants to answer, with the help of the research. Moreover, it also states the methodology which the researcher is going to use during the research process. On the other hand, a research report is the culmination of the research endeavour. It is a great way … [Read more...]