Infrastructure is primarily classified into economic and social infrastructure. Economic Infrastructure is one that contributes to promoting economic activities. This may include highways, telecommunication, electricity etc. On the contrary, social infrastructure is one that assists in the promotion of education and health-related standards. Investment in the infrastructure of the country is one of the important drivers of economic development. This is because it is pertinent for the … [Read more...]

Norms prescribe, while values act as a criterion for evaluations. Norms and values constitute the foundational stone of society's social structure. This is because they guide the social behaviour of people. Here, it is worth noting that the value at one level can turn out to be the norm at another level. Norms and values are strongly related to each other. These are all about accepted assumptions regarding what is right and wrong, desirable or undesirable. Norms are the standards or rules … [Read more...]

While both thesis and research papers are academic writings, there is a difference between the two. A thesis refers to a scholarly research report that a scholar writes and submits for fulfilling academic requirements and obtaining a higher degree. It opens up various lines of enquiry into a range of possibilities like an antithesis. On the other hand, a research paper is analytical, argumentative and interpretative in nature. It involves the pursuit of knowledge and intelligent analysis of … [Read more...]

While both strict and absolute liability arises from keeping or bringing hazardous products or carrying out dangerous activities which may harm another person, even when precautions are taken. In both cases, there is no need to prove the negligence of the defendant. The difference between strict liability and absolute liability is based on the fact whether the defence of a mistake of fact is there. In the case of absolute liability, a mistake of fact is not considered a defence. Basically, … [Read more...]

Both illusion and hallucination are perceptual disturbances. Hallucination is a false perception or wrong perception, in the absence of any object. On the other hand, the illusion is a false perception or perception in a wrong manner of a real object. So, in the case of hallucination, there is no object present, but it is the person who perceives that there is some object, but in the other case the person perceives an object differently than it is actually. When there is hallucination, an … [Read more...]

Do you know our sensory organs i.e. eyes, nose, ears, tongue, skin, etc. provide fresh information about the inside and the outside world? The primary experience of a stimulus identified by a specific sensory organ is called sensation. With this process, the information from the external world reaches our brain. On the other hand, the process with which we interpret the sensations experienced by us in our day-to-day life and then we act upon them is called perception. In this process, an … [Read more...]

Disguised Unemployment refers to a form of unemployment that cannot be seen or noticed from outside, as it remains hidden. Basically, in disguised unemployment, it looks like everyone is employed however, ample full-time work is not available for all. On the contrary, Seasonal Unemployment is that type of unemployment in which people are not able to find any work for themselves during certain months of the year. What is Unemployment? Unemployment can be defined as a state of being without paid … [Read more...]

Cooperative Learning and Collaborative Learning are commonly used in group activities aimed to attain a common objective. In collaborative learning, it is the students who organize their efforts among themselves. In short, it is group structured. On the other side, in cooperative learning, students are divided into groups and the teacher assigns specific roles and tasks to each student, and so it is a teacher-structured activity. While collaborative learning is a voluntary activity, wherein … [Read more...]

In olden times, in the absence of any medium of communication and technology, people used to store data in the form of written records. During that time, people used to write on palm leaves or bark of a tree and that handwritten sheet is popularly known as a manuscript. A script is a form of writing, which over a period of time evolved as language and then it is developed as literature. At that time, important messages and memories are engraved on rocks, pillars, clay tablets, and copper … [Read more...]

Demonstrations, strikes, agitation, protests, etc. by various groups like employees, doctors, students, lawyers and farmers, are very common activities these days. Sometimes these activities are undertaken by formally organized groups such as Trade Union, Doctor's Association, Teacher's Association, etc. to exercise pressure on the government for framing policies, withdrawing bills or implementing laws in a manner that suits their interest. Such groups are called interest groups. An interest … [Read more...]