Whenever we start reading a story or any other form of literature, the first thing that we notice is its topic on which it is written and the last thing we recognize is its theme, i.e. what's the main point around which the story is structured. There are many who believe that topic and theme are one and the same thing. But this is not true, a topic is the main title, usually, written as a heading of the work. It is something which is described, explained or narrated through the story, essay … [Read more...]

Duty and Responsibility are wider terms, which are used in a number of contexts, say in the field of law, management, education, ethics and so forth. These are commonly used with one another, but they are two different terms, wherein the duty is imposed on someone, to perform something which is morally, legally or professionally considered right. It is something which we are required to do as per law, conventions, rules and norms. On the other hand, the responsibility is undertaken, i.e. … [Read more...]

Summary means a short and comprehensive abstract, containing the indispensable content of the passage. It is a brief statement which not just condenses but also restates the gist and the overall concept of the piece, in original language in an abridged form. On the other hand, paraphrase means the restatement of the passage, in explicit language, so as to clarify its hidden meaning, without condensing it. In paraphrasing, the written material, idea or statement of some other person is … [Read more...]

The disciplines, Geography and Geology often sound similar, as they both studies the Earth, however, the subject matter of both the two are completely different. As the former is concerned with the Earth, its environment and inhabitants, the latter talks about the Earth and its history. Geology is nothing but Geoscience, i.e. the science which is concerned with the physical structure, substance, evolution and dynamics of the Earth. It also studies those processes which resulted in its … [Read more...]

Language is one of the best inventions of mankind, without which we won't be able to share our knowledge, opinions, ideas, feelings or express anger, excitement, nervousness, fears, with another person. Here we are not just talking about vocal language, but all the systems used as a medium for communication. Language is an intellectual body of sounds, symbols, and meaning which are regulated by grammatical rules and structure. On the contrary, literature can be understood as any body of … [Read more...]

There are many forms of writing such as reports, journals, research papers, articles, essay etc. Of which articles and essays are quite commonly misinterpreted. However, there exists a fine line of difference between the two, in the sense that articles are often backed by statistics, photographs, facts and reports, which is not required in the case of an essay, as it is a fact-based opinion on the topic. An article is nothing but a piece of writing commonly found in newspapers or websites … [Read more...]

Foreword refers to a short introductory insight about the book and the author, written by a person (expert) other than the author, out of his/her interaction or relationship with the author or his/her connection with the subject of the book. On the contrary, a preface is nothing but an opportunity for the author to introduce the book himself/herself, to the readers. It is the area where the author explains the reason and motive for writing the book. A book not just contains the main body, … [Read more...]

An appendix can be understood as that section added at the end of of the book or report which contains subsidiary matter relating to the main idea of document or book. It contains data which is not very essential to explain your findings, but it supports the analysis, assists the user to understand the research work and provides background material. On the other hand, an annexure implies a set of legal documents or proofs which are attached to the main document, so as to confirm the details … [Read more...]

In the citation, you acknowledge the source of a specific part of the text in the article or assignment. On the other hand, in referencing an entire list of sources which have been referred and backs the argument of the author, is provided at the end of the document or article. It is just a form of credit which the author gives to the person's whose ideas has been borrowed in the work. While writing an article, one must quote or refer to the original source of the information, fact or idea, … [Read more...]

Thesis and dissertation differ in the sense that thesis analysis is added to the existing literature. Conversely, a dissertation contributes to new knowledge of the already existing literature. Different countries define the words thesis and dissertation differently, i.e. in some countries they are used interchangeably, while in some countries thesis is related to bachelor's or master's degree course and dissertation is used in the context of a doctorate degree, whereas in some countries the … [Read more...]