CST is charged on interstate sales, by the central government, but collected by that state government in which sales have been made. On the contrary, VAT is a state-level multipoint tax, imposed in the value addition in the product, collected at various stages production and distribution. It contains a provision of set-off for the tax paid at the earlier stage. There are hundreds of sale transactions that takes place every moment around the world. The selling price of the product includes … [Read more...]

In macroeconomics, we study about two burning issues which is experienced by almost all the countries of the world, i.e. inflation and deflation. Inflation is a situation when the prices of goods and services get a boost, thus decreasing the buying power of money. It is the continuous upward movement in the general price level of the economy. On the other hand deflation, it is opposite of inflation, whereby prices of goods and services fall and people can purchase more goods with the limited … [Read more...]

Joint Venture is a form of business organization which is temporary in nature. It is established for a specific purpose or to accomplish a certain task or activity and when this purpose is completed the joint venture comes to an end. Joint venture is not exactly same as partnership, which is also a type of business entity, that come into existence when two or more persons come together to share business profits. The partnership business is understaken either by all the partners or by one partner … [Read more...]

Planning is an important activity, performed by the management, keeping in view, the vision, mission, goals and objectives of the enterprise. It implies thinking in advance, what we need to do in future and creates a rough draft, so as to fulfill the business objectives. Planning occurring at the corporate level is termed as strategic planning, while the planning process taking place at the functional level is called operational planning. Strategic Planning is concentrated towards attaining … [Read more...]

In business parlance, the terms strategy refers to is a unique plan designed with the aim of achieving a competitive position in the market and also to reach the organisational goals and objectives. In short, it is an interpretative plan, that guides the enterprise in realizing its goal. On the other hand, policy refers to a set of rules made by the organisation for rational decision making. Policy lays down the course of action, which is opted to guide the organization's current and future … [Read more...]

Strategy Formulation and Strategy Implementation are the two most important phases of strategic management process. Strategy Formulation means crafting a combination of strategies and picking out the best one to achieve the organizational goals and objectives and thereby reaching the vision of the organization. It involves a number of steps which are performed in chronological order. On the other hand, Strategy Implementation refers to the execution of the opted strategy, i.e. it converts the … [Read more...]

Do you know the fact that we all are consumers in some way or the other, no matter what our age, gender, race, caste, community is. The consumer is the one who consumes the goods, i.e. the user of the goods. It is commonly misconstrued with the term customer, which refers to a person who buys the goods or commodity and pays the price for it. Each and every marketing activity is directed towards influencing the behavior of customers, i.e. to induce them in such a way that they take an action … [Read more...]

Marketing involves a broad spectrum of activities, whose ultimate goal is sales. B2B and B2C are the two business marketing models where sales are the end-result, but, this doesn't make the two business models alike. B2B is an acronym for Business to Business, as the name signifies, it is a type of commercial transaction where the purchasing and selling of merchandise are performed between two business houses, such as entity supplying material to another for production, or entity providing … [Read more...]

Vouching is the soul of Auditing because it forms a base for an effective audit procedure. Vouching means "to vouch" i.e. examine the vouchers. On the other hand, Verification means "to verify" the assets and liabilities of the business. Both the two terms are the first two steps of Auditing, infact vouching helps in the process of verification. In firner terms, Vouching implies the act of checking the vouchers, to identify the authenticity of the transactions recorded. Conversely, … [Read more...]

Audit alludes to a process of independent checking of financial records of an organization, so as to give an opinion on the financial statement. It can be grouped into two categories, namely, Internal Audit and External Audit. Internal Audit is not compulsory by nature but can be conducted to review the operational activities of the organization. In this type of auditing, the work area is determined by the entity's management. On the contrary, External Audit which is obligatory for every … [Read more...]