Every country requires capital for its economic growth and the funds cannot be raised alone from its internal sources. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) are the two ways through which foreign investors can invest in an economy. FDI connotes a cross-border investment, by a resident or a company domiciled in a country, to a company based in another country, with an objective of establishing a lasting interest in the economy. On the contrary, FPI connotes a … [Read more...]

There is always a risk incorporated in every investment like shares or debentures. The two major components of risk systematic risk and unsystematic risk, which when combined results in total risk. The systematic risk is a result of external and uncontrollable variables, which are not industry or security specific and affects the entire market leading to the fluctuation in prices of all the securities. On the other hand, unsystematic risk refers to the risk which emerges out of controlled and … [Read more...]

Hedge funds and Mutual funds are two popular pooled investment vehicles, wherein a number of investors entrust their money to a fund manager, who invest the same in different kinds of publicly traded securities. A mutual fund is an investment, that offers the investor an opportunity to make an investment in a diversified and professionally managed basket of securities, at comparatively low cost. On the other hand, hedge fund are nothing but unregistered private investments. that uses a … [Read more...]

ADR and GDR are commonly used by the Indian companies to raise funds from the foreign capital market. The principal difference between ADR and GDR is in the market; they are issued and in the exchange, they are listed. While ADR is traded on US stock exchanges, GDR is traded on European stock exchanges. Depository Receipt is a mechanism through which a domestic company can raise finance from the international equity market. In this system, the shares of the company domiciled in one country … [Read more...]

Futures contract are mainly used by hedgers, speculators, and arbitrators, which plays a pivotal role in the market. In this context, people often juxtapose the terms hedging and speculation as they are in the way connected with the unanticipated price movements, but they are different in a number of grounds. Hedging is performed by the hedgers to protect themselves against the risk or say to reduce the risk of the changes in the price of the underlying commodity. On the contrary, speculators … [Read more...]

A forward contract is a contract whose terms are tailor-made i.e. negotiated between buyer and seller. It is a contract in which two parties trade in the underlying asset at an agreed price at a certain time in future. It is not exactly same as a futures contract, which is a standardized form of the forward contract. A futures contract is an agreement between parties to buy or sell the underlying financial asset at a specified rate and time in future. While a futures contract is traded in an … [Read more...]

Nowadays, it is very difficult for an individual or entity, to buy an expensive asset in one go. In such a case, lease and finance are the two best courses of action, that allows a person to make use of the asset when they don't have ample sum to pay the price. The lease contract is an arrangement, wherein the entity can use and control the asset without actually buying it. It is a type of renting asset. On the other hand, finance is another alternative to buying the asset, in which the … [Read more...]

Grants are the financial assistance that is non-repayable in nature. It is provided by the government to the indivduals or entities, to fulfill a particular purpose, which is related to the welfare of general public. A grant is not exactly same as a loan, which means a sum of money borrowed from a financial institution or bank by an individual or entity, for a reason, that requires repayment along with the interest after the term expires, for which it is repaid. While a loan requires … [Read more...]

Gross Domestic Product or GDP refers to the economic value of goods and services produced within the nation's boundaries, in a particular financial year plus income earned by foreign residents locally less income earned abroad by country's residents. When the GDP is estimated at current prices, it exhibits Nominal GDP, whereas Real GDP is when the estimation is made at constant prices. Both Nominal and real GDP are considered as a financial metric for evaluating country's economic growth and … [Read more...]

Savings refers to that part of disposable income, which is not used in consumption, i.e. whatever is remained in the hands of a person, after paying all the expenses. On the other end, Investment is the act of investing the saved money into financial products, with a view of earning profits. It alludes to the increase in capital stock. For an enterprise, investment connotes the production of new capital goods, such as plant and machinery or change in inventories. Many people juxtapose savings … [Read more...]