Measurement is a systematic process of determining the attributes of an object. It ascertains how fast, tall, dense, heavy, broad, something is. However, one can make measurements of physical attributes only and if one has to measure those attributes which cannot be measured with the help of tools. That is where the need for evaluation arises. It helps in passing value judgement about the policies, performances, method, techniques, strategies, effectiveness, etc. of teaching. Measurement … [Read more...]

The term 'percentage' is widely used to express anything, from changes in the tax rates, to the rate of unemployment, to the number of people using smartphones, to resource allocation by the government, to the change in price or quantity of a product or results of an examination. It is a form of writing any digit with denominator 100. The terms 'percentage' and 'percentile' often confuse us, especially to the students appearing in different examinations. For a given dataset, percentile … [Read more...]

Whether we recognize or not, we are surrounded by ideas, news, information, messages, etc. that come to us through different channels, in different forms such as stories, articles, memes, posts, etc. Its aim is to acquaint, entertain, persuade and influence us. This process is termed as mass communication. It is all about spreading of a message or information to a large segment of the population by an immediate means of reproduction and distribution. Mass communication is an umbrella term, … [Read more...]

Research Proposal is the medium through which a researcher can introduce the research problem and convey the need for research. It plays a significant role in the application process. It gives a snapshot of the questions that the researcher wants to answer, with the help of the research. Moreover, it also states the methodology which the researcher is going to use during the research process. On the other hand, a research report is the culmination of the research endeavour. It is a great way … [Read more...]

We all know, how important table of contents and index is, in a document or book, mainly because it saves time and energy to find something out which is really important for our study. Table of Contents is a list of sections and chapters contained in the document, with their relative page numbers. On the other hand, Index is page found at the back of the book or document, containing a list of the words, with their respective reference to the page, where the reader can find the topic and read … [Read more...]

Social Science is a branch of knowledge whose subject matter is society and the interrelationship between individuals, as a member of society. Humanities is closely linked to social science, in the sense that the two disciplines deal with human beings and their culture. Humanities refer to the subject which tends to understand, acknowledge and analyze the human behaviour in all its depth and scope. Practically, as a human being, no field of study is more significant than social science. It … [Read more...]

Alliance, implies a union or association between two or more parties, for a mutual gain, shared interest or to achieve a common goal. On the contrary, Coalition refers to the collaboration of the two or more political parties or groups, to constitute the government if no political party won majority votes in the elections. A political party can be defined as a group of people having a similar ideology, who come together, so as to take part in the elections and gain power in the government by … [Read more...]

We all are quite accustomed with printed books as they give us the authentic look and feel of the traditional 'book', as you can touch the paper, flip pages, smell the fragrance, etc. However, an eBook is a comparatively new concept. An eBook is nothing but the electronic version of the printed book. Books play a significant role in the life of a human being by laying down the foundation of learning at a young age. They aim to deliver authentic information to the readers. In the last few … [Read more...]

We often take part in debates and group discussions, in our school, college and office, which is not just important in grooming oneself, but it also refines the thoughts of a person and helps in understanding different perspectives. People often get confused between these two, but a debate is a form of a contest, where one of the two sides wins. In a debate, all the participants of the team, get a fair opportunity to express their views on the particular topic and whichever side has stated … [Read more...]

Conclusions are as difficult to write as an introduction, because, it decides whether the work is worth your time or not. Both of them have a long-lasting impact on the reader's mind. While an introduction moves from general to specific, conclusion moves from specific to general. A conclusion is an afterword which contains the gist of something, reached after considering all the important points. In the absence of conclusion, the research paper might seem incomplete. It is often contrasted … [Read more...]