While the physical map shows the natural features of a place such as mountains, waterbodies plains, etc. The political map displays territorial features such as cities, state, countries and their boundaries. A map is a useful tool, which diagrammatically represents the natural or man-made features of an area of land or part thereof, on a flat surface, according to scale. The three main components of the map are distance, direction and symbol. These are of great help to the travellers and … [Read more...]

Elections allude to a systematic democratic process, wherein adult citizens of the country, vote for their representatives, to represent them in the Parliament or Assembly. It enables every citizen aged 18 and over to participate in the formation of the government. There are three types of elections, namely, general elections, midterm elections and bye-elections. General elections are conducted to form new Lok Sabha or State Assembly. Mid-term elections imply the elections carried out, on the … [Read more...]

Gram Sabha is used to mean a general assembly of all the people of a village, who have attained the age of 18 years and their name is entered in the voter list. The executive committee of the Gram Sabha is known as Gram Panchayat which consists of the representatives elected by the Sabha. In India, democracy is present at all the levels, whether it is central, state or local level. At the local level, Panchayati Raj system is established by the government, after independence, so as to … [Read more...]

Vaporization is a process of phase transition in which a substance, changes its state from liquid to vapour. It can take place in two ways, i.e. evaporation and boiling. The process of evaporation involves phase transition at a temperature below the boiling temperature. On the other hand, boiling of a substance takes place at boiling point, which may vary with the change in the environmental pressure. Water boils at 100°C, and the temperature does not rise even if heat is continuously … [Read more...]

As both bay and gulf are the places where land meets water. They are the water bodies connected to the sea, formed by the erosion of coastline. In spite of many similarities, it is important to note that they are different, in the sense that bay has a wider opening than the gulf. Further, it is also said that the gulfs are larger and more deeply indented as compared to the bay. Bay is a part of the coast, having an inward land curve, in such a way that the sea is enclosed by land on three … [Read more...]

When the river enters the sea or any other watercourse, where the flow of water is slow and cannot further carry the sediment brought by the river, the sediment is dropped at the river mouth and which results in the formation of a delta. It is not exactly same as an estuary, which is a coastal water body, where the river meets the sea or any other watercourse, with brackish water. In short, the basic difference between estuary and delta is that the former is a tidal mouth of the river, where … [Read more...]

Rivers are described as the large natural water body, which flows towards the sea or another river. It is one of the major sources of water supply to the living beings. In India, the rivers are broadly classified as Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers. Himalayan rivers are the watercourses that arise from Himalayan ranges and are perennial in nature. On the contrary, Peninsular rivers are the ones that originate from the Western Ghats and are non-perennial. The catchment area of Himalayan … [Read more...]

Kharif and Rabi are the two cropping patterns which are adopted in many Asian countries, depending upon the monsoon. The cropping season of Kharif crops starts with the onset of monsoon and ends when the rainy season is over. On the other hand, Rabi crops are grown in winter, i.e. sown when monsoon ends and harvested before the advent of the summer season. Kharif crops require hot and wet climate whereas cold and dry climate is best suited for Rabi crops. Rainfall plays a significant role in … [Read more...]

There are many schemes run by the government to further the education of the needy and meritorious students, based on specific criteria which should be fulfilled by the student, in order to avail it. Scholarship and fellowship are two such schemes which are quite commonly misconstrued in this regard. The scholarship is defined as a money granted by the government or any other organization to the students who fit the criteria set by the granting authority. Conversely, the fellowship is the … [Read more...]

Organization means a systematically organized collection of people, with a common goal and identity associated with an external environment, like a business entity or a government department. It is often misconstrued with the institution, which encompasses an entity, with a high degree of sustainability, that can be seen as an indispensable part of the large society or community. The term institution is commonly used for the place of knowledge, i.e. an entity which delivers information or … [Read more...]