Many students wish to continue their education, even after completing their post graduate degree course. So, they have two options, i.e. M.Phil. And PhD. As both are research-oriented courses, the students find it difficult to choose one of them. However, PhD or Doctor of Philosophy is the highest ranking degree provided to the scholars by the university for their research work in the respective subject opted by them. On the other hand, M.Phil., i.e. Master of Philosophy, is only a … [Read more...]

In elementary-level geometry, the term that every student encounter is "line". It is a long and straight geometric figure that extends in both the directions. It differs from a line segment in that a line segment has a starting and an ending point, due to which the length of the segment is fixed. As you can see in the figure given above, that at both the ends of a line, an arrow is marked, to give an idea that it is infinite. On the contrary, the two ends of the line segment are marked with a … [Read more...]

While writing an assignment, article or book, the writer often looks for the sources to generate an idea or data. In this context, students usually misconstrue bibliography for reference, but they are different, in the sense that you give reference to the sources, that you have quoted in-text, in the research report or assignment. But on the other hand, in the bibliography, you create a list of all the sources you have gone through to conceive the idea. Reference and Bibliography is an … [Read more...]

Print media is that means of mass communication through which information is disseminated in printed form. As against this, electronic media is one in which electronic or electromechanical energy is employed to transmit information to the audience. In general sense, media is a plural form of word medium. In mass communication, media refers to the fundamental means of mass communication, which helps in the spread of messages related to latest news, education, sports, entertainment and … [Read more...]

While the physical map shows the natural features of a place such as mountains, waterbodies plains, etc. The political map displays territorial features such as cities, state, countries and their boundaries. A map is a useful tool, which diagrammatically represents the natural or man-made features of an area of land or part thereof, on a flat surface, according to scale. The three main components of the map are distance, direction and symbol. These are of great help to the travellers and … [Read more...]

Elections allude to a systematic democratic process, wherein adult citizens of the country, vote for their representatives, to represent them in the Parliament or Assembly. It enables every citizen aged 18 and over to participate in the formation of the government. There are three types of elections, namely, general elections, midterm elections and bye-elections. General elections are conducted to form new Lok Sabha or State Assembly. Mid-term elections imply the elections carried out, on the … [Read more...]

Gram Sabha is used to mean a general assembly of all the people of a village, who have attained the age of 18 years and their name is entered in the voter list. The executive committee of the Gram Sabha is known as Gram Panchayat which consists of the representatives elected by the Sabha. In India, democracy is present at all the levels, whether it is central, state or local level. At the local level, Panchayati Raj system is established by the government, after independence, so as to … [Read more...]

As both bay and gulf are the places where land meets water. They are the water bodies connected to the sea, formed by the erosion of coastline. In spite of many similarities, it is important to note that they are different, in the sense that bay has a wider opening than the gulf. Further, it is also said that the gulfs are larger and more deeply indented as compared to the bay. Bay is a part of the coast, having an inward land curve, in such a way that the sea is enclosed by land on three … [Read more...]

When the river enters the sea or any other watercourse, where the flow of water is slow and cannot further carry the sediment brought by the river, the sediment is dropped at the river mouth and which results in the formation of a delta. It is not exactly same as an estuary, which is a coastal water body, where the river meets the sea or any other watercourse, with brackish water. In short, the basic difference between estuary and delta is that the former is a tidal mouth of the river, where … [Read more...]

Rivers are described as the large natural water body, which flows towards the sea or another river. It is one of the major sources of water supply to the living beings. In India, the rivers are broadly classified as Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers. Himalayan rivers are the watercourses that arise from Himalayan ranges and are perennial in nature. On the contrary, Peninsular rivers are the ones that originate from the Western Ghats and are non-perennial. The catchment area of Himalayan … [Read more...]