Latitude alludes to the horizontal lines that represent the distance of any point, north or south of the equator, its direction is east to west. On the other hand, longitude implies the vertical lines indicating the distance of any point, east or west of the prime meridian, its direction is north to south. Latitudes are also known as parallels while longitudes are termed as meridians. On earth's surface, locations are determined by the two reference lines known as latitude and longitude. In … [Read more...]

As we know that the shape of the earth is not perfectly spherical because it is a bit flattened at both the north and south poles and bulge in the centre. Every person is curious to know, how our earth looks like in the universe, but there are only handful of persons who can travel space and see it live. One can have an idea of earth's appearance, with a globe. A globe is a miniature form of the earth, which represents distances, directions, continents, oceans, countries, etc. A globe is … [Read more...]

Mathematics is a game of numbers, where we study number, its types and the concepts relating to it. Arithmetic is that branch of mathematics which focuses on properties and manipulation of numbers. Factors and multiples are two key concepts studied together in arithmetic, at the elementary level. A factor is a number that leaves no remainder behind after it divides the specific number. On the contrary, multiple is a number reached by multiplying a given number by another. While factors of a … [Read more...]

Port can be understood as a place, where loading and unloading of ships and boats are done. The term port is often juxtaposed with harbour, which implies a place along a coast where ships or boats can take shelter if the atmospheric conditions are not well for sailing. While ports are man-made, harbours can be natural or man-made. Many times they serve similar purposes relating to administration, development, industry and commerce. And due to this reason, there is always a buzz, whenever … [Read more...]

There are primarily two types of errors that occur, while hypothesis testing is performed, i.e. either the researcher rejects H0, when H0 is true, or he/she accepts H0 when in reality H0 is false. So, the former represents type I error and the latter is an indicator of type II error. The testing of hypothesis is a common procedure; that researcher use to prove the validity, that determines whether a specific hypothesis is correct or not. The result of testing is a cornerstone for accepting or … [Read more...]

The two ways of carrying out statistical significance test of a characteristic, drawn from the population, with respect to the test statistic, are a one-tailed test and two-tailed test. The one-tailed test refers to a test of null hypothesis, in which the alternative hypothesis is articulated directionally. Here, the critical region lies only on one tail. However, if the alternative hypothesis is not exhibited directionally, then it is known as the two-tailed test of the null hypothesis., … [Read more...]

ANOVA is an effective technique for carrying out researches in various disciplines like business, economics, psychology, biology and education when there are one or more samples involved. It is often misconstrued with ANCOVA, as both are used to check the variance in the mean values of the dependent variable associated as a result of controlled independent variables, after considering the consequences of the uncontrolled independent variable. ANOVA is used to compare and contrast the means of … [Read more...]

Hypothesis testing starts with setting up the premises, which is followed by selecting a significance level. Next, we have to choose the test statistic, i.e. t-test or f-test. While t-test is used to compare two related samples, f-test is used to test the equality of two populations. The hypothesis is a simple proposition that can be proved or disproved through various scientific techniques and establishes the relationship between independent and some dependent variable. It is capable of … [Read more...]

Think of a solid object like a cube, cuboid, pyramid and so forth that have three-dimensions, which are length, width and height. Length refers to the extent of an object, i.e. it identifies how long an entity is. On the other hand, height implies the altitude of the object; that tells how tall an entity is? There are many students of mathematics, who have doubts regarding length and height of an object, as for them, these two dimensions are one and the same thing. But, this is not so, they … [Read more...]

Standard Deviation is defined as an absolute measure of dispersion of a series. It clarifies the standard amount of variation on either side of the mean. It is often misconstrued with the standard error, as it is based on standard deviation and sample size. Standard Error is used to measure the statistical accuracy of an estimate. It is primarily used in the process of testing hypothesis and estimating interval. These are two important concepts of statistics, which are widely used in the … [Read more...]