According to the Income Tax Act, income earned by a person in a financial year is taxable in the following financial year. So, the financial year in which the person has received income is called as the Previous Year. On the other hand, the financial year in which the tax liability on the income of the person is assessed is known as Assessment Year. We all know that the Calendar Year commences on the 1st of January and ends on 31st of December every year. But, the calendar year has no … [Read more...]

In the business world, crowdfunding has evolved as one of the fastest growing industry, which aimed at changing the way in which entrepreneurs raise money and also the mindset of people to invest their money in established companies only. Traditional fundraising for a business project or venture encompasses pitching a few investors, banks or venture capitalists for a hefty sum. But in crowdfunding, the 'crowd' funds the idea or project, through an online platform, i.e. internet is used to … [Read more...]

Internal Economies of scale is a result of endogenous determinants, i.e. the reasons which are internal to the firm. On the contrary, External economies of scale occur on account of exogenous determinants, i.e. the reasons which are external to the firm. The Long-run Average Cost (LAC) curve has a U-shape, due to the returns to scale, i.e. economies and diseconomies of scale. Economies of scale imply the corresponding savings in the cost of production achieved by the rise in the level of … [Read more...]

Credit history of a person has a great impact on his/her financial profile, as it is used by banks, utility companies, employers, landlords etc. to determine the creditworthiness. So, it is important for one to be aware of his/her credit report and credit score, compiled by the credit reporting agencies, also known as credit bureaus. A credit report is a document which reflects the history of credit behaviour of a person. Based on the information on the credit report, a three digit number is … [Read more...]

When high net worth individuals or firms invest in the companies which are privately held or not listed on any stock exchange, is called Private Equity. On the other hand, Hedge fund implies a type of mutual fund that pools money of various high net worth individuals or firms into a variety of financial instruments, to generate good returns, with the help of different strategies and techniques. Both private equity and hedge fund are the forms of an investment fund that approach accredited … [Read more...]

ELSS is an open-ended equity mutual fund that not only provides tax saving but also gives an opportunity to the investor to grow money. Conversely, PPF refers to a type of Provident fund, which can be opened by any salaried or non-salaried person to park their money so as to reduce the tax burden. One of the major concerns of all the taxpayers is to reduce the tax liability as much as possible. And for this purpose, they take recourse of various deductions under the Income-tax Act, 1961. … [Read more...]

Divestiture or commonly called as divestment is the process of selling off a part or division of the company to another company or creating a separate company. Divestiture can take the form of the spin-off, split-off, split-up, sell-off, equity carve-out, etc. Of these forms, the two commonly juxtaposed forms of divestiture are spin-off and split-off. Spin-off refers to the business division, which becomes an independent undertaking, after separation from the parent company. On the contrary, … [Read more...]

The stock market has two segments, i.e. primary market and secondary market. In the secondary market, buying and selling of originally issued securities take place. The participants of secondary market are classified as traders, investors and speculators.There is a thin line of demarcation between trading and investing which lies in the intention of the participant while spending money, i.e. an investor invest money with a certain view in mind regarding the return, or the output generated. On … [Read more...]

In accounting, the financial transactions are recorded, processed and presented to generate financial statements, that is useful to the readers, in making decisions. Traditionally, accounting is done manually, by a trained accountant, with the use of registers, account books, vouchers etc. But with the emerging technology, nowadays, computerized accounting is in vogue, due to its accuracy, convenience and speed. Both manual and computerized system is based on the same principles, conventions … [Read more...]

Accounting is a business language, which is used to communicate financial information to the company's stakeholders, regarding the performance, profitability and position of the enterprise and help them in rational decision making. The financial statement is based on various concepts and conventions. Accounting concepts are the fundamental accounting assumptions that act as a foundation for recording business transactions and preparation of final accounts. On the other extreme, accounting … [Read more...]