According to Indian Evidence Act, 1872, Hearsay rule states that what is clearly expressed about the fact under discussion, is irrelevant. Admission and Confession are two exceptions to this rule that are commonly juxtaposed. In general sense, admission means admitting of any fact as true. It suggests conclusion on the liability of the person who makes the statement. On the other extreme, confession implies a statement, which outrightly admits the suit. A confession is made by the person … [Read more...]
Difference Between Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)
Indian Penal Code is the law that states the punishable offences in India, along with their punishments or penalty or both. As opposed, Criminal Procedure Code pertains to the law that describes the overall procedure which is to be followed while undertaking a criminal case. Nowadays, everywhere in the newspapers, news channels and other social media platforms, like facebook, twitter, etc. we come to know about the criminal activities that take place in our area or country such as rapes, … [Read more...]
Difference Between Procedural Law and Substantive Law
Law is used to mean the rules made by the government to protect the fundamental rights of the citizens. Non-compliance or violation of the law can lead to punishment such as imprisonment or penalty. Laws are classified into two groups procedural law and substantive law, wherein the Procedural law administers the operation of a particular case, by conforming to the step by step process through which the case passes. On the contrary, the substantive law can be defined as one that comprises of … [Read more...]
Difference Between Common Law and Statutory Law
Law can be understood as the body of rules, established by the appropriate authority and adopted by the country as rules and principles that govern the actions of its members, that can be put into practice by the imposition of penalties. There are two types of laws, that are adopted in many countries, namely common law and statutory law. The common law implies the law that emerges from new decisions made by the judges, courts and tribunals. On the other hand, the statutory law means a formal … [Read more...]
Difference Between KPI and KRA
Every business enterprise has a set of proposed objective, which must be attained within the given time frame to reach its mission. In order to determine whether the route chosen by the enterprise is correct or not, the objectives are evaluated against dedicated metrics, with the help of KPI. KPI stands for key performance indicator that denotes a quantifiable metric, for a defined objective. It exhibits the factors leading to the success of an organization. As against, KRA or otherwise … [Read more...]
Difference Between Organization and Institution
Organization means a systematically organized collection of people, with a common goal and identity associated with an external environment, like a business entity or a government department. It is often misconstrued with the institution, which encompasses an entity, with a high degree of sustainability, that can be seen as an indispensable part of the large society or community. The term institution is commonly used for the place of knowledge, i.e. an entity which delivers information or … [Read more...]
Difference Between Private Placement and Preferential Allotment
To invite general public, for subscribing the shares of a company, it makes a public issue, by way of an Initial Public Offering (IPO). However, when a company seeks to raise funds, without making a public issue, then it has the option of the private placement, wherein, the securities (shares and convertible debentures) are issued to private investors, not exceeding 200 members in a financial year. There are two kinds of the private placement, namely, preferential allotment and qualified … [Read more...]
Difference Between Right Shares and Bonus Shares
The company's capital is divided into small shares of definite price; wherein each share is regarded as a unit of ownership, that is offered to the general public for sale, to raise funds from the market. It can be ordinary shares or preferred ones. The Companies Act provides that the subscribed capital of the companies can be increased, by issuing further shares to the existing shareholders at discounted prices, in the form of right shares. Contrary to this, when a company possess the huge … [Read more...]
Difference Between Interim Dividend and Final Dividend
Dividend connotes that portion of company's profit, which is not retained in the business but distributed by the company among its shareholders, as a return on their investments, based on the shares held by them. The dividend announced by the company at the end of the financial year, recommended by the board of directors, at the company's general meeting is known as a final dividend. Coming to the interim dividend which is declared by the company's board of directors between two general … [Read more...]
Difference Between Annual General Meeting (AGM) and Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM)
Meeting of members should be held to take members approval on some business matters. To transact ordinary business and the special business (if any) of the company, the annual general meeting is held by the board, whereas special business is discussed in the extraordinary general meeting. A company has a separate legal identity distinct from its members, but they are the ones who establish the company as a corporate entity. Nevertheless, the company is an artificial person, and so its will is … [Read more...]
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